State Budget Allocation (APBN) of Indonesian Health Expenditure and Its Implications for Community Welfare, Hospitals and Health Workers in Indonesia.

 As an example and a comparison in the past few years, there are several countries that are recorded to have higher health expenditures than Indonesia. Among them are Malaysia and Singapore, as support for Singapore's per-capita health expenditure data, for example, which was recorded at US$2,144 in 2011 and US$2,426 in 2012.  This data can be compared with Indonesia's health expenditure recorded in the World bank organization which shows, Indonesia's health expenditure (per-capita health expenditure) in 2011 was only US$99, and increased to US$108 in 2012. In addition, there are several countries with the best hospital services like Europe. The country has the best health facilities supported by advanced medical equipment, technology and health workers who are experts and competent. Then the problem is, how should the condition of Indonesia's health budget have implications for progress, growth and development and bring about changes to the welfare of the Indonesian people as well as health workers and hospitals? The allocation of funds in Indonesia from year to year and various targets or priorities and how far they have been achieved. And whether these achievements have been able to improve health services in Indonesia.

II.  Topic Being Discussed

The Expenditure Government Budget (APBN)  every year, of course, will experience an increase. All of that must have an effect on the priority scale in each country. Moreover, the cruciality of funds or health budgets allocated to improve health services in the country. The health budget in Indonesia, according to Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health, it has been stipulated that the minimum allocation of the health budget is 5% of the APBN. Meanwhile, the World Health Organization (WHO) stipulates that the health budget allocation of each country is at least 15% of the total APBN or equivalent to 5% of GDP (Gross Domestic Product). Seeing this stipulation, of course, the location of funds or budgets in the health sector of each country is certainly different. This is in line with the statement quoted by the World Health Organization, 2019 regarding the differences in health status that occur in each country, which can be seen from the economic conditions of the country. Countries with good economic conditions have high scores on the health status of each individual. 

This can be seen from the focus of the country which not only wants to advance the country's economy, but also improves the health status of each individual. In 2018, WHO stated that the crude death rate in low-income countries was higher than high-income countries with a difference of 2.8% and 0.5% (World Health Organization, 2019). The health budget is important to be a top priority if a country can continue to progress and develop, and its people are healthy, just and prosperous. In the context of Indonesia, this is a big challenge because at this time Indonesia is trying to get out of the economic caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. 

(To be continued.....)